IIT Madras Researchers Develop Framework for Protecting Critical Infrastructure from Ballistic Missiles

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) have developed a performance-based design framework aimed at enhancing the ballistic resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) panels, which are commonly used in critical infrastructure such as military bunkers, nuclear power plants, bridges, and runways.

The study utilized computational simulations to analyze the impact of projectiles on RC structures, assessing local damage mechanisms such as penetration, perforation, scabbing, and spalling. The researchers developed a framework based on "Depth of Penetration" (DOP) and "Crater Damage Area" to quantify structural response under ballistic impact. A probabilistic formula for estimating crater diameter in RC panels was also proposed.

The research was conducted by Alagappan Ponnalagu, Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at IIT Madras, and Roouf Un Nabi Dar, a research scholar at the institute. The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal Reliability Engineering & System Safety.

According to Ponnalagu, the study addresses inconsistencies in existing deterministic empirical formulations used for damage assessment in concrete structures. The proposed probabilistic model, based on Bayesian methodology, was validated against experimental test data, demonstrating its reliability.

The researchers plan to extend their work towards developing lightweight, cost-effective, and sustainable ballistic-resistant modular panels for use in military bunkers and other critical infrastructure projects.